text
article
2022
per
Namaeh Farhangistan
Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1025-0832
21
v.
1
no.
2022
3
242
https://nf.apll.ir/article_147999_9e213c4432c9a3a829cf2ba05bee60aa.pdf
Word Formation in Persian from the Perspective of an Onomasiological Theory
اسلام
هورن
دانشجوی دکتری زبانشناسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
مجتبی
منشیزاده
دانشیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2022
per
Pavol Štekauer's word formation model adopts a new combined approach that involves both the functional-structural framework of the Prague school of linguistics and a cognitive approach to word formation. Called the ‘naming theory’, it moves from the concept to the word form. According to this theory, the initial point of departure in forming a word (or, a naming unit) in a language involves the analysis of a concept related to an extralinguistic entity for which a member or members of the linguistic community feel the need to coin a name. This view of word formation assigns only a morphological status to the word form/naming unit but no role whatsoever to syntax. However, it is shown in this manuscript that certain words in Persian are formed syntactically.
Namaeh Farhangistan
Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1025-0832
21
v.
1
no.
2022
28
47
https://nf.apll.ir/article_148001_c4f730f3df408b4524d3a7db110b86ae.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/nf.2022.148001
Terminological Motivation in Scientific Terms: A Case Study of Approved Terms in Physics
رؤیا
خدادادی
پژوهشگر واژهگزینی فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی
author
فرشید
سمایی
استادیار فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی
author
رضا
عطاریان
پژوهشگر ارشد واژهگزینی فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی
author
text
article
2022
per
The present article explores two aspects of terminological motivation; namely, ‘intralinguistic motivation’, defined as the relationship between a technical concept and the term denoting it, and ‘interlinguistic motivation’, defined as the relationship between that same term in a language like Persian and its equivalent in English. Intraliguistic motivation comprises phonetic, morphological and semantic (including metaphor and metonymy) subtypes while interlinguistic motivation involves semasiological and onomasiological approach to terminology and term formation. The data collected indicate that technical terms in both English and Persian are of different motivated, semi-motivated, and unmotivated levels. It is further found that while the syntactic type of morphological motivation is predominant in intralinguistic motivation, loan-translation predominates the interlinguistic one.
Namaeh Farhangistan
Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1025-0832
21
v.
1
no.
2022
48
84
https://nf.apll.ir/article_148003_6192e2eff715a17abb74b1dba4f3887a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/nf.2022.148003
Modeling Public Acceptance of Words Using a System Dynamics Approach: A Case Study of the Words Adopted by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature
نسرین
خردمند
دانشجوی دکتری زبانشناسی دانشگاه الزهرا(س))
author
فرزاد
حقیقی راد
عضو هیئت علمی دانشکدة مدیریت دانشگاه خوارزمی
author
text
article
2022
per
Dissemination or propagation may be defined as the spread of a phenomenon in a given environment. The concept has wide applications in a variety of disciplines; diffusion of matter, as used in physics; dissemination of a thinking method or a cultural pattern, as used in sociology and anthropology; the spread of a disease, in medicine; and the popularization and commercialization of a novel technology or product, as used in economics. The present study focuses on the dissemination of Persian equivalents for foreign words adopted by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) for common use by the Persian speaking public. Evidently, the acceptance of a novel development (a word, in the present case) is one of the most important factors determining the success of its originator. Attempts to coin new Persian equivalents for foreign terms and expressions have always aroused much controversy and invoked serious reactions on the part of the public Persian speakers, translators, linguists, and experts of the respective fields of science. This is while selecting or coining new words by APLL is one of its tasks to safeguard the Persian language. Dissemination of novelties of appeal to the public is a complex and dynamic process that is influenced by such variables as product publicity and the time it is introduced to the public as well as its quality, competitiveness, and appeal to potential users. Furthermore, the process is not instantaneous; rather, it takes place over time only if the new product is appealing enough to win sustained use by the public. It is the objective of the present study to develop means and methods of improving and accelerating public acceptance of new terms coined by the Academy. For this purpose, previous reports on the prevalence of new coinages were reviewed and models of disseminating innovations were examined to identify the factors involved in the public acceptance of new Persian equivalents. These findings were then effected into the basic model of dissemination and acceptance. Another aspect of the study involved identifying the way(s) these parameters affected Persian speakers’ behavior. Using a system dynamics approach, a model of the dissemination and acceptance of words adopted by APLL was developed in the Powersim Studio 2005 environment. Simulations were then employed to validate the model and different scenarios were proposed to improve the current public behavior regarding new word acceptance. The results indicate that adequate publicizing, raising public awareness, user satisfaction, and size of user population are among the factors of great impact on the wider acceptance of new coinages. Nevertheless, the first step to increase both acceptance and public use of new terms adopted by APLL is found to be raising public awareness.
Namaeh Farhangistan
Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1025-0832
21
v.
1
no.
2022
85
137
https://nf.apll.ir/article_148004_02f8ffa1e15f1c77b187a672d74214c9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/nf.2022.148004
Garde-bardāri or Garte-bardāri (calque)
فرهاد
قربانزاده
author
text
article
2022
per
Exploring the different definitions rendered for the terms garde/garte, garde-bardāshtan/garte-bardāshtan, and garde-bardāri/garte-bardāri, the present manuscript provides a large corpus of data collected on the different usages of these terms from both old and contemporary Persian texts as well as occurrences in general and specialized references. The data thus collected are subsequently subjected to analysis and one scientific word formation principle is exploited to resolve a number of ambiguities surrounding the usage of garde-bardāri/garte-bardāri in order to determine the preferred variant of the two. It may be noted that the manuscript solely deals with form rather than sense.
Namaeh Farhangistan
Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1025-0832
21
v.
1
no.
2022
138
159
https://nf.apll.ir/article_148006_c3bad4e2fab1be5c11490f8259175a63.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/nf.2022.148006
The Study of the Role of Internal and Historical Borrowing in the Terminology Work with Emphasis on Words Adopted by the APLL
علی
شیوا
استادیار فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی
author
text
article
2022
per
By internal and historical borrowing is meant the revitalization and reintroduction of obsolete lexical items from Ancient and Middle Persian or those attested in old texts in current Persian to coin words by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL). The present article explores this process by considering a number of words adopted by word formation societies during the first Pahlavi regime to be followed by more examples coined by Iran Academy (i.e., the first Academy) and Iran Language Academy (i.e., the second Academy). However, the article places its greater emphasis on APLL (i.e., the third Academy) by presenting more examples of general and technical lexical items adopted by the third academy. Descriptions derived from etymological studies and evidence from Middle Persian dictionaries will then be provided of the cited examples while efforts will be subsequently made to define different types and methods of internal and historical borrowing and to investigate meaning changes in this process. Finally, explanations will be provided to justify the Academy’s reliance on internal and historical word borrowing. Light will also be shed on the advantages and disadvantages of the process to identify why the third academy embarked in the first place on exploiting the historical capacity of the Persian language to coin new words via recovering and revitalizing old words and stems.
Namaeh Farhangistan
Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1025-0832
21
v.
1
no.
2022
160
193
https://nf.apll.ir/article_148007_062c32c8ecdb6beca3a668af922ecf02.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/nf.2022.148007
Examples of Loan Translations from Greek into Middle Persian
سید احمدرضا
قائممقامی
استادیار گروه فرهنگ و زبانهای باستانی، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2022
per
During the Sassanid Period, a number of scientific texts were translated from Indian Languages (Sanskrit and Prakrit), Greek, and Syriac into Middle Persian. The most known of the Indian works are Kalila va Dimna and some treatises on astronomy and syntax, while the most prominent ones from the Greek side include volumes on geometry, logic, and medicine along with a number of Hermetic texts. In translation from Syriac, it seems that Manicheans had a greater contribution than Zoroastrians. In the translations from these languages, loan translations or calques seem to have been inevitably used as the simplest means of conveying scientific concepts. The present paper addresses some of the loan translations from Greek into Middle Persian, especially those in the fields of medicine, philosophy, and astronomy. Meanwhile, brief references are made to some calques from languages other than Greek.
Namaeh Farhangistan
Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1025-0832
21
v.
1
no.
2022
194
216
https://nf.apll.ir/article_148008_236754a6171945e6e0cc24bfcfd56e20.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/nf.2022.148008