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<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
				<PublisherName>فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی</PublisherName>
				<JournalTitle>نامه فرهنگستان</JournalTitle>
				<Issn>1025-0832</Issn>
				<Volume>24</Volume>
				<Issue>4</Issue>
				<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>09</Month>
					<Day>23</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>About »Drinking wine or something from someone’s skull«</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle>دربارۀ «در کاسۀ سر کسی شراب یا چیزی خوردن»</VernacularTitle>
			<FirstPage>69</FirstPage>
			<LastPage>82</LastPage>
			<ELocationID EIdType="pii">236137</ELocationID>
			
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.22034/nf.2025.352342.1233</ELocationID>
			
			<Language>FA</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
					<FirstName>مرضیه</FirstName>
					<LastName>مسیحی پور</LastName>
<Affiliation>دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری زبان و ادبیّات فارسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران</Affiliation>

</Author>
</AuthorList>
				<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
			<History>
				<PubDate PubStatus="received">
					<Year>2023</Year>
					<Month>01</Month>
					<Day>14</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</History>
		<Abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;Some idiomatic expressions have historical roots and become proverbial following specific events; among them is the expression &lt;em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;to drink wine, blood, or water from someone&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;’s skull&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;«&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt; In connection with the ancient practice of using animal bones to make everyday tools, historical sources from both Arab and Iranian traditions record the cruelty and hard-heartedness of certain rulers and warriors who used the skulls of their enemies as vessels for drinking. This article examines these accounts and demonstrates-on the basis of historical evidence-how this practice developed into an idiomatic expression in the Persian language and came to be used in literary and historical texts. &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: IRLotus; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;However, the sources also present another image, derived from Khayy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &#039;Cambria Math&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Cambria Math&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;ā&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: IRLotus; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;m’s thought, in which the human skull turns into earth from which a &lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;»&lt;/span&gt;jug&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;«&lt;/span&gt; or a &lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;»&lt;/span&gt;goblet&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;«&lt;/span&gt; is made. In this study, poetic evidence is cited and analyzed in chronological order. According to the available evidence, the first poet to employ this idiom was Kh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &#039;Cambria Math&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Cambria Math&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;ā&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: IRLotus; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &#039;Cambria Math&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Cambria Math&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;ā&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: IRLotus; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;ni Sharv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &#039;Cambria Math&#039;,&#039;serif&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;Cambria Math&#039;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;ā&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: IRLotus; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;ni. The findings of the article emphasize the need to investigate the historical roots of other Persian idiomatic expressions.&lt;/span&gt;</Abstract>
			<OtherAbstract Language="FA">&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;برخی&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;کنایات ریشه‌ای تاریخی دارند و در&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;پی وقوع حادثه‌ای&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;زبانزد&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;شده‌اند؛ از&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.8pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;آن&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.8pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;جمله&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.8pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;است &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;«در&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.7pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;کاسۀ&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;سر کسی شراب/ خون/ آب خوردن»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;. به‌تبعِ استفاده از استخوان&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;حیوانات برای ساختن ابزار&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;زندگی، که در&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;روزگار&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;قدیم مرسوم&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;بوده، در&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;تاریخ&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;عرب و تاریخ&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ایران به قساوت و سنگ‌دلی برخی امیران و جنگجویانی برمی‌خوریم که از &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;«کاسۀ&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;سر»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt; دشمنان خود برای نوشیدن بهره‌&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;می‌گرفته‌اند. در&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;این مقاله، ضمن بررسی این وقایع، به‌استناد منابع&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;تاریخی نشان&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;می‌دهیم این امر در&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;زبان فارسی به یک کنایه تبدیل&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;شده و در‌&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;آثار ادبی&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;و&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;تاریخی به&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.9pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;کار&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.9pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;رفته&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.9pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;است. البتّه، در&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;متون، تصویری دیگر برگرفته از اندیشه‌های&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;خیّامی وجود&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;دارد که، براساس&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -1.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;آن، کاسۀ&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;سر انسان به خاک بدل&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;می‌شود و، از آن، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;«کوزه»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt; یا &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt;«ساغر»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: IRLotus;&quot;&gt; می‌سازند. در&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;این&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;جستار، شواهد&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;شعری به‌ترتیب&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.8pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;تاریخی ذکر و تحلیل&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;خواهد&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;شد. مطابق شواهد، نخستین شاعری که از این کنایه بهره&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;برده خاقانی&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;شَروانی است. یافته‌های مقاله بر ضرورت واکاوی ریشه‌های&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;تاریخی دیگر کنایات زبان فارسی تأکید&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;می‌کند.&lt;/span&gt;</OtherAbstract>
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			<Param Name="value">کنایه، ریشۀ تاریخی، در کاسۀ سر کسی شراب خوردن، در کاسۀ سر کسی چیزی خوردن، خیّام، خاقانی</Param>
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