نامه فرهنگستان

نامه فرهنگستان

«را» نشانه مبتدای ثانویه؟

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار گروه زبان‌شناسی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
چکیده
رفتار «را» در زبان فارسی معمّایی است که همواره ذهن زبان‌شناسان را به خود مشغول کرده است. اختصاص نقش‌های نحوی، معنایی و کاربردشناختی گوناگون از جانب زبان‌شناسان ایرانی و غیرایرانی خود مبیّن پیچیدگی‌های رفتاری این نقش‌نمای رمزآلود است. در این مقاله برآنم که، با طرح این پرسش که آیا «را» در زبان فارسی نشانۀ مبتدای ثانویه است، به واکاوی دوبارۀ آن بپردازم و، با کمک‌ گرفتن از بازنمایی صوری ساخت اطلاعِ لَمبرِکت در انگارۀ دستور نقش و ارجاع، تنوع نقشیِ «را» در زبان فارسی را به ‌تصویر‌کشم. از این رهگذر، درمی‌یابیم که گرچه ارتباط «را» با مفهوم مبتدا اجتناب‌ناپذیر است، نمی‌توان نقش ساخت ‌اطلاعی آن را منحصر به مبتدای ثانویه دانست. «را» می‌تواند با نقش‌های ساخت اطلاعی شامل مبتدای اولیه، مبتدای ثانویه، کانون و نیز تقابل در سطح جمله همراه شود، گرچه وجه اشتراک رخدادهای «را» را می‌توان مفهوم تشخیص‌پذیری به‌ عنوان مقوله‌ای کلامی در نظر ‌گرفت.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

‘-rā’ a Secondary Topic Marker?

چکیده English

The postposition - has never ceased to be enigmatic in linguistic investigations. It has been associated with various syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic factors by Iranian and non-Iranian researchers. In this paper, we aim to question a popular view in which the postposition is taken to be exclusively a secondary topic marker. Utilizing the formal representation of the Lambrechtian information structure theory within the Role and Reference Grammar framework, we demonstrate that the postposition is apt to occur with constituents of varied informational values, i.e. topicality, focality, and contrast, in different syntactically manipulated strings. It however becomes clear that the common denominator for the -marked constituents is the identifiability of their referents at discourse level.  

کلیدواژه‌ها English

information structure
secondary topic
Role and Reference Grammar
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