نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Most of the extant Khotanese texts are Buddhist in nature, and the majority of them are not independent compositions but rather translations of Mahāyāna Buddhist sūtras from Sanskrit. The Vajracchedikā is one of the earliest texts of the Prajñāpāramitā literature in Mahāyāna Buddhism. It presents, in the form of a dialogue between the Buddha and his disciple Subhūti, a concise exposition of the central teachings of the Perfection of Wisdom. The core themes of this sūtra, as in other Prajñāpāramitā texts, include the negation of self, the principle of emptiness, dharmas, the characteristics of bodhisattvas, and related concepts. Since the Khotanese manuscript of this text bears a colophon dated to 941 CE, this date must be regarded as the latest possible time for its transcription. The sūtras held a highly revered and sacred status among the Mahāyāna Buddhist community of Khotan at the time. The sanctity and importance of such texts made the task of translating them especially demanding for translators, who were compelled to employ diverse techniques and strategies to produce a rendering that was both faithful and intelligible to their audience. This study examines the Khotanese version of the Vajracchedikā with particular attention to the translation methods employed—such as borrowing, loan translation, and transposition—and analyzes them within three functional categories: standardization, clarification, and fidelity to the original text.
کلیدواژهها English